The state of Lower California is located on the northern part of Baja Californian peninsula area of ​​69,920 meters square. It is an area with low rainfall and an average annual temperature of 22.5 ° C.

In the middle of its north-south axis through the mighty mountains of Sierra de San Pedro Martir, over 3000 meters high above sea level, affecting the dry weather. The sequence involves severnís above 1800 m in the Sierra de Juarez, falling gradually into broad lagoons desert. This area is very arid. On the northern coast of the precipitation occur and winter and spring seasons, the remainder of the precipitation and the ground at all nevyskutují procedures vysychá.Pahorkatiny inland are cooler with more precipitation. Cover with deciduous forests and jehličnany.Východní part is dry and hot deserts vegetacena north through the valley of the Rio Colorado. On the south side of the mountains are desert stretches from coast to coast.